Desigualdade racial na educação superior: percepções de estudantes universitários / Racial inequality in higher education: perceptions of college students / Desigualdad racial en la educación superior: percepciones de estudiantes universitarios

Partindo da problemática sobre as desigualdades raciais presentes na educação superior no contexto brasileiro, o presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar as percepções de estudantes universitários acerca do tema. Para tanto, propôs--se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo com estudantes de cursos de graduação de instituições públicas e privadas de diferentes áreas de conhecimento e regiões do país. Os participantes responderam, além do questionário sociodemográfico, a questões sobre desigualdades raciais no ambiente universitário. Ao abordar a questão racial, os resultados da pesquisa corroboram a literatura, que aponta dificuldades específicas em relação à vivência do racismo no âmbito educa-cional. Desse modo, esta pesquisa contribui para compreensão do fenômeno e levantamento de dados sobre as percepções desse público. (AU)

Starting from the issue of racial inequalities in higher education in the Brazilian context, this article aims to investigate the perceptions of university students on the subject. To achieve this, a qualitative research was proposed with students from undergraduate courses in public and private institutions from different fields of knowledge and regions of the country. In addition to the sociodemographic questionnaire, participants answered questions about racial inequalities in the university environment. Addressing the racial issue, the research results corroborate the literature, indicating specific difficulties related to experiencing racism in the educational sphere. Thus, this research contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon and the collection of data on the perceptions of this audience. (AU)

A partir de la cuestión de la desigualdad racial en la educación superior en el contexto brasileño, este artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar las percep-ciones de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el tema. Para ello, se planteó una investigación cualitativa con estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas de diferentes áreas del conocimiento y regiones del país. Los participantes respondieron, además del cuestionario sociodemográfico, preguntas sobre desi-gualdades raciales en el ámbito universitario. Al abordar la cuestión racial, los resultados de la investigación corroboran la literatura, que apunta dificultades específicas con relación a la vivencia del racismo en el ámbito educativo. Por lo tanto, esta investigación contribuye a comprender el fenómeno y recopilar datos sobre las percepciones de este público. (AU)

Anatomical and Clinical Education in Physical and Occupational Therapy: Influence of Integration and Soft Preservation / Educación Anatómica y Clínica en Terapia Física y Ocupacional: Influencia de la Integración y la Preservación Blanda

SUMMARY: Anatomy and clinical skills are taught separately to physical and occupational therapy students. Formaldehyde is the primary chemical used to embalm donors which creates a challenge in integrating clinical skills into the anatomy curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of clinical skills into anatomical education using Imperial College London- Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) and formaldehyde embalming through the evaluation of student perceived learning and confidence. Students were invited to complete a survey after dissecting an ICL-SP and formaldehyde embalmed donors and perform clinical tests. It was easier to dissect and identify neurovascular structures on ICL-SP donors compared to formaldehyde. Clinical tests, like measuring range of motion and ligament tests were also more realistic on ICL-SP donors. The integration of clinical skills in the anatomical curriculum increased student perceived understanding of associated anatomy (p < 0.001), gave better understanding of how anatomy is important to their professions (p < 0.001) and increased motivation to learn anatomy (p < 0.001). The integration of clinical skills into anatomical education can facilitate student learning with higher confidence performing clinical skills and is complemented by the utilization of the new ICL-SP methodology instead of the traditional formaldehyde preservation.

Las habilidades anatómicas y clínicas se enseñan por separado a los estudiantes de terapia física y ocupacional. El formaldehído es el químico principal que se usa para embalsamar a los donantes, lo que crea un desafío para integrar las habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios de anatomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la integración de habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica utilizando Imperial College London-Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) y embalsamamiento de formaldehído a través de la evaluación del aprendizaje y la confianza percibidos por los estudiantes. Se invitó a los estudiantes a completar una encuesta después de diseccionar un ICL-SP y donantes embalsamados formolizados y realizar pruebas clínicas. Fue más fácil diseccionar e identificar estructuras neurovasculares en donantes ICL-SP en comparación con los fijados en formaldehído. Las pruebas clínicas, como la medición del rango de movimiento y las pruebas de ligamentos, también fueron más realistas en los donantes de ICL-SP. La integración de habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios anatómico aumentó la comprensión percibida por los estudiantes de anatomía asociada (p < 0,001), dio una mejor comprensión de cómo la anatomía es importante para sus profesiones (p < 0,001) y aumentó la motivación para aprender anatomía (p < 0,001). La integración de las habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica puede facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con mayor confianza en el desempeño de las habilidades clínicas y se complementa con la utilización de la nueva metodología ICL-SP en lugar de la conservación tradicional con formaldehído.

Percepción del Aprendizaje Activo Virtual de la Anatomía Humana, por Estudiantes de la Universidad Austral de Chile / Student Perceptions of Active Learning for the Practice of Virtual Human Anatomy, a Study at the Universidad Austral de Chile

Ante la pandemia del coronavirus, hubo que reinventar la forma de hacer las actividades prácticas de laboratorio de anatomía humana, la necesidad de que sean exclusivamente virtual, elevó la exigencia. La imposibilidad de trabajar con material orgánico demandó que al menos las imágenes a utilizar fueran de alta calidad. Para lo anterior, se usaron fotografías de disecciones del laboratorio de anatomía, más digitalizaciones de estructuras humanas de nuestro laboratorio en formato 3D disponibles en la plataforma web https://anatomiahumana3d.com. No obstante lo anterior, se detectó cierto grado de desidia por parte de los estudiantes y escasa participación en las actividades prácticas. Para resolver esto se implementó una modalidad de Aprendizaje Activo, específicamente de Aula Invertida, con el fin de que sea el propio estudiante quien genere su conocimiento. Una vez terminado el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje bajo la nueva modalidad, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, a fin de detectar falencias y proponer mejoras respecto a la metodología aplicada. Los resultados arrojaron un nivel de satisfacción por sobre el 80 %, en tanto, que solo el 5 % de los estudiantes contestó como aceptable las diferentes dimensiones evaluadas, demostrando como el sistema de aula inversa fue bien recibida por los estudiantes. Sin embargo es prudente generar futuros estudios que ayuden a mejorar este tipo de metodología, como también seguir innovando en las estrategias didácticas que aporten a la comprensión de la anatomía humana.

SUMMARY: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic it was necessary to reinvent the way of doing practical activities in the human anatomy laboratory and the need for these to be exclusively online, raised the requirement. Due to the impossibility of using organic samples, high-quality images had to be used. Therefore, photographs of dissections from our human anatomy laboratory were used, as well as digitalization of human structures from our laboratory in a three-dimensional (3D) format available on the web platform https://anatomiahumana3d.com. However, a certain degree of laziness on the part of the students and low participation in the practical activities was detected. To solve this problem, an Active Learning modality was implemented, specifically the Flipped Classroom, so that the students themselves generate their knowledge. Once the teaching-learning process was completed under the new modality, a descriptive study was carried out to detect shortcomings and propose improvements to the methodology applied. The results showed a level of satisfaction above 80 % and only 5 % of the students evaluated the different dimensions as acceptable demonstrating how the Flipped Classroom system was well received by the students. To conclude, it is prudent to generate future studies that help to improve this type of methodology, as well as to continue innovating in didactic strategies that contribute to the understanding of human anatomy.

Creative self-beliefs of civilian and military school students / Crenças do self criativo de estudantes de escolas civis e militares / Creencias del self creativo de estudiantes de escuelas civiles y militares

Creative Self-Efficacy (CSE) and Creative Personal Identity (CPI) are creative self-beliefs which act as creative achievement predictors in different contexts, including school. Brazilian theoretical studies suggest that characteristics of military school can inhibit creative expression. The question is raised whether the school environment can influence CSE and CPI. Therefore, the goal was to compare male and female students from military and civilian schools, in terms of CSE and IPC, in addition to verifying the interaction between the variables. Participants were 230 secondary school students, with a mean age of 16.07 years (SD = .92). The Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. No significant differences or interactions were observed, except for the higher IPC in women when compared to men. Thus, it is possible that the typical restrictions of the military model of education do not necessarily imply barriers to creativity.(AU)

Autoeficácia Criativa (AEC) e Identidade Pessoal Criativa (IPC) são crenças do self criativo que atuam como preditoras da realização criativa em diversos contextos, inclusive escolar. Estudos teóricos brasileiros sugerem que as características da escola militar podem inibir a expressão criativa. Questiona-se como AEC e IPC podem ser influenciadas pelo ambiente escolar. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar estudantes de escolas militares e civis, do sexo masculino e feminino, quanto à AEC e IPC, além de verificar possível interação entre as variáveis. Participaram 230 estudantes do ensino médio, com idade média de 16,07 anos (DP = 0,92). Utilizou-se a Escala Breve do Self Criativo (EBSC) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Não foram observadas diferenças ou interações significativas entre os grupos, exceto pela IPC superior nas mulheres, quando comparadas aos homens. Nesse sentido, é possível que as restrições típicas do modelo militar de educação não impliquem necessariamente barreiras à criatividade.(AU)

La Autoeficacia Creativa (AEC) y la Identidad Personal Creativa (IPC) son creencias del self creativo que actúan como predictores del logro creativo en diferentes contextos, incluyendo el escolar. Estudios teóricos brasileños sugieren que las características de las escuelas militares pueden inhibir la expresión creativa. Se cuestiona si el entorno escolar puede influir en la AEC y la IPC. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar alumnos y alumnas de escuelas militares y civiles, en términos de AEC y IPC, además de verificar la interacción entre las variables. Participaron 230 estudiantes de secundaria de escuelas públicas, con una edad promedia de 16,07 años (DS = 0,92). Se utilizó la escala Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. No se observaron diferencias o interacciones significativas entre los grupos, excepto por una IPC superior en mujeres en comparación con los hombres. Es posible que las restricciones típicas del modelo educativo militar no necesariamente impliquen barreras para la creatividad.(AU)

Autocompaixão em estudantes universitários: revisão integrativa da literatura / Self-compassion in university students: an integrative literature review / Autocompasión en los estudiantes universitarios: revisión integrativa de la literatura

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a produção científica, em busca de reunir evidências empíricas sobre autocompaixão em estudantes universitários. A revisão integrativa abrangeu artigos publicados no período de 2009 a 2021, indexados nas bases PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Um total de 183 estudos foram encontrados e, após as etapas de triagem, elegibilidade e seleção, foram incluídos 9 artigos, seguindo as diretrizes propostas pelo PRISMA. A análise dos resultados foi categorizada a partir de dois tópicos: (i) intervenções baseadas em autocompaixão para acadêmicos e (ii) a autocompaixão como fator psicológico protetivo à saúde mental de estudantes do ensino superior. Os resultados mostraram que a autocompaixão é considerada um importante fator protetivo para o funcionamento psicológico positivo e ao desenvolvimento de características que reflitam dimensões positivas da saúde mental e do desempenho acadêmico em estudantes universitários. (AU)

The objective of this study was to review the scientific literature in order to gather empirical evidence about self-compassion in college students. The integrative review included articles published from 2009 to 2021, indexed in the PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, available in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. A total of 183 studies were found, and after undergoing the screening, eligibility, and selection steps, 9 articles were included, following the guidelines as established by PRISMA. The analysis of the results was categorized into two main topics: (i) self-compassion-based interventions for academics and (ii) self-compassion as a psychological protective factor for the mental health of higher education students. The results showed that self-compassion is considered an important protective factor for positive psychological functioning and for the development of characteristics that reflect positive dimensions of mental health and academic performance in college students. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar la producción científica, con el propósito de reunir evidencias empíricas sobre la autocompasión en estudiantes universitarios. La revisión integrativa incluyó artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2021, indexados en PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, en portugués, inglés o español. Se encontraron 183 estudios y, tras las fases de cribado, elegibilidad y selección, se incluyeron 9 artículos, siguiendo las pautas propuestas por PRISMA. El análisis de los resultados se categorizó a partir de dos temas: (i) intervenciones basadas en la autocompasión para académicos y (ii) la autocompasión como factor psicológico protector de la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación superior. Los resultados mostraron que la autocompasión se considera un importante factor de protección para el funcionamiento psicológico positivo y el desarrollo de características que reflejan dimensiones positivas de la salud mental y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. (AU)

Resisting racism: life and career narratives of black undergraduate students / Resistindo ao racismo: narrativas de vida e carreira de universitários negros / Resistiendo al racismo: narrativas de vida y carrera de estudiantes universitarios negros

The present study aimed to identify how racism appears in the lives and careers of Black undergraduate students in a Brazilian Public Higher Education Institution. For this purpose, this study conducted 27 narrative interviews with self-declared black undergraduates, which were analyzed using the technique of thematic Biography and Narrative Analysis. The results indicated that despite the existence of distinctions between the undergraduates' trajectories, usually caused by socioeconomic differences, racism similarly impacts their lives and careers, presenting itself in three frequent themes, named by the researchers as: "Experiences with Racism", "Awareness of Racism", and "Management of Racism". It was found that, although there are distinctions between experiences, motivated especially by socioeconomic origin and available opportunities, all participants manage the effects of racism, individually and collectively, leading them to changes in career prospects, to enable the construction of viable professional trajectories to achieve their ambitions. (AU)

O presente estudo objetivou identificar como o racismo se presentifica na vida e na carreira de universitários negros de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior brasileira. Para tanto, foram conduzidas 27 entrevistas narrativas com graduandos autodeclarados negros, analisadas por meio da técnica de Análise de Biografias e Narrativas do tipo temática. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar da existência de distinções entre as trajetórias dos universitários, habitualmente ocasionada por diferenças socioeconômicas, o racismo impacta similarmente suas vidas e carreiras, apresentando-se em três temas frequentes, nomeados pelos pesquisadores como: "Experiências com o Racismo", "Conscientização sobre o Racismo" e "Manejo ao Racismo". Constatou-se que, embora existam distinções entre as vivências, motivadas, sobretudo, pela origem socioeconômica e oportunidades disponíveis, os efeitos do racismo são manejados por todos os participantes, individual e coletivamente, levando-os a alterações nas perspectivas de carreira, a fim de possibilitar a construção de trajetórias profissionais viáveis às suas ambições. (AU)

El presente estudio objetivó identificar cómo el racismo está presente en la vida y carrera de universitarios negros de una Institución Pública de Educación Superior brasileña. Para ello, se realizaron 27 entrevistas narrativas con universitarios autoproclamados negros, analizadas mediante la técnica de Análisis de Biografías y Narrativas del tipo temática. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque hay distinciones entre las trayectorias de los universitarios, generalmente causadas por diferencias socioeconómicas, el racismo impacta de manera similar sus vidas y carreras, presentándose en tres temas frecuentes, denominados como: "Experiencias con el Racismo", "Concientización sobre el racismo" y "Manejo del racismo". Se encontró que, aunque existen distinciones entre las experiencias, motivadas, especialmente, por el origen socioeconómico y las oportunidades disponibles, los efectos del racismo son manejados por todos los participantes, individual y colectivamente, llevándolos a cambios en las perspectivas de carrera, a fin de posibilitar la construcción de trayectorias profesionales viables para cumplir sus ambiciones. (AU)

Eficácia de uma intervenção online para prevenção da ansiedade: um ensaio clínico / Efectividad de una intervención online para prevención de ansiedad: un ensayo clínico / Efficacy of an online intervention for anxiety prevention: a clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness, and the sustained effect (follow-up) of a fourweek mindfulness intervention in reducing anxiety and stress in a group of Brazilian university students, the intervention was adapted to be made available through the application Neurosaúde, created as part of this work to serve as a platform for intervention. The research as a whole took place in a virtual environment, with forty-eight participants recruited who were randomly allocated to the intervention group or to the waiting list control. Measures were used to access the levels of mindfulness, anxiety and stress before, after the intervention and at the 4-week follow-up. Applying the intention-to-treat analysis, we found significant differences between the groups for the measurement of anxiety in the follow-up with a large feat size (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Our results suggest that the 4-week mindfulness intervention through a mobile application was able to act as a protective factor against the anxiety developed by university students during the occurrence of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, whereas while the treatment group maintained levels reduced anxiety the control group demonstrated a continuous increase in anxiety in the post-test and follow-up that coincided with the first wave of Covid-19 in the region where the participants lived.

El propósito de este estudio fue probar la eficacia y el efecto sostenido (seguimiento) de una intervención de atención plena de cuatro semanas para reducir la ansiedad y el estrés en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, la intervención se adaptó para estar disponible a través del app. Neurosaúde, creada como parte de este trabajo para servir como plataforma de intervención. La investigación en su conjunto se llevó a cabo en un entorno virtual, siendo reclutados cuarenta y ocho participantes que fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de intervención o al control en lista de espera. Se utilizaron medidas para evaluar los niveles de atención plena, ansiedad y estrés antes, después de la intervención y en el seguimiento a las 4 semanas. Al aplicar el análisis por intención de tratar, encontramos diferencias significativas entre los grupos para la medida de ansiedad en el seguimiento con un tamaño de efecto grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la intervención de mindfulness de 4 semanas a través de una aplicación móvil fue capaz de actuar como factor protector contra la ansiedad desarrollada por estudiantes universitarios durante la ocurrencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, ya que mientras el grupo de tratamiento mantuvo niveles, el grupo control demostró un aumento continuo de la ansiedad en el postest y seguimiento que coincidió con la primera ola de Covid-19 en la región donde residían los participantes.

O propósito deste estudo foi testar a eficácia e o efeito sustentado (follow-up) de uma intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas na redução da ansiedade e estresse em um grupo de estudantes universitários brasileiros. A intervenção foi adaptada para ser disponibilizada pelo aplicativo Neurosaúde, criado como parte deste trabalho para servir de plataforma para a intervenção. A pesquisa como um todo ocorreu em ambiente virtual, sendo recrutados 48 participantes que foram alocados randomicamente para o grupo intervenção ou para o controle de lista de espera. Medidas foram utilizadas para acessar os níveis de mindfulness, ansiedade e estresse antes, após a intervenção e no follow-up de quatro semanas. Aplicando a análise por intenção de tratar, encontramos diferenças significativas entre os grupos para a medida de ansiedade no follow-up com um tamanho de efeito grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nossos resultados sugerem que a intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas por meio de um aplicativo móvel foi capaz de agir como um fator protetor contra a ansiedade desenvolvida pelos estudantes universitários durante a ocorrência da pandemia causada pelo Covid-19, visto que, enquanto o grupo tratamento manteve níveis reduzidos de ansiedade, o grupo controle demonstrou um contínuo aumento de ansiedade no pós-teste e follow-up que coincidiu com a primeira onda de Covid-19 na região onde os participantes residiam.

Adaptaciones de la Enseñanza Anatómica Durante el COVID-19 en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Evaluación de los Estudiantes / Adaptations of Anatomical Teaching During COVID-19 at the University Complutense of Madrid. Evaluation by the Students

Las restricciones por la pandemia del COVID-19 supusieron la transición abrupta a una enseñanza online tanto del contenido teórico como práctico y de la evaluación final de las asignaturas que imparte el departamento en varias titulaciones. En previsión de que el siguiente curso académico 2020-21 se vería totalmente afectado, se desarrollaron una serie de materiales didácticos propios, como la elaboración de guiones de teoría y práctica que incorporaron imágenes de modelos anatómicos, prosecciones, anatomía radiológica y anatomía ecográfica. La percepción de esta innovación fue evaluada por los estudiantes a través de una encuesta en línea y sus respuestas mediante una escala tipo Likert. Participaron 346 estudiantes de las titulaciones de Fisioterapia (n= 66), Medicina (n= 169), Podología (n= 44) y Terapia Ocupacional (n= 67). Las puntuaciones medias más altas correspondieron a los estudiantes de Podología y Terapia Ocupacional, ambas presentaron diferencias significativas con los otros tres subgrupos de alumnos (p<.0001). El puntaje promedio más bajo correspondió a los estudiantes de Medicina de segundo año académico que presentó significancia con los otros cuatro subgrupos de estudiantes (p<.0001). Se analizaron las carencias del sistema educativo en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid reveladas por la pandemia del Covid19. Esta crisis ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de que los educadores médicos en general y los anatomistas en particular estén capacitados en el uso de la tecnología disponible y en la creación de sus propios materiales didácticos multimedia.

SUMMARY: Restrictions due to COVID-19 pandemic meant an abrupt transition to online teaching. This change affected teaching, practical sessions and assessments of the subjects taught by the department in various degrees. In anticipation that the following academic year 2020-21 would be totally affected, a series of didactic materials were therefor developed. These materials included the preparation of theory and practice scripts that incorporated images of anatomical models, pro-sections, radiological anatomy, and ultrasound anatomy. Perceptions by the students of these innovations were recorded through an online survey and their responses evaluated through a Likert-type scale. 346 students from Physiotherapy (n= 66), Medicine (n= 169), Podiatry (n= 44) and Occupational Therapy (n= 67) degrees participated. The highest average scores corresponded to the students of Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, both presented significant differences with the other three subgroups of students (p<.0001). The lowest average score corresponded to medical students in their second academic year, which presented significance with the other four subgroups of students (p<.0001). The shortcomings of the educational system of the Complutense University of Madrid that were highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. This crisis underscored the need for medical educators in general, and anatomists in particular, to be trained in the use of available technology and to produce their own multimedia teaching materials.

Implicações psicossociais da migração rural-urbana para jovens universitários / Psychosocial implications of young college students' rural-urban migration / Implicaciones psicosociales de la migración rural-urbana para los jóvenes universitários

Neste trabalho discute-se como os processos migratórios podem produzir efeitos psicossociais, de diferentes ordens, dimensões e com especificidades, quando se trata da relação entre rural e urbano. O objetivo é identificar relações entre os modos de vida dos jovens universitários e a migração rural-urbana na realidade brasileira. Com base qualitativa, foram realizadas 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens universitários, de comunidades rurais, integrantes da assistência estudantil de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Os resultados apontaram que o modo de vida dos jovens universitários que vivenciam a migração rural-urbana está atravessado por inúmeros desafios, dentre os quais a pobreza. Apresentou-se dilemas provenientes da migração para os universitários viajantes, que refletem na mudança do modo de socialização, no distanciamento dos vínculos familiares e na mudança cultural. Concluiu-se que é importante pensar políticas de assistência estudantil que considerem a dimensão socioeconômica e subjetiva, favorecendo o acesso e a permanência do estudante na universidade. (AU)

In this work discusses how the migration processes can produce psychosocial effects of different orders and dimensions, with specificities, regarding the connection between rural and urban. The objective is to identify relations between ways of life of theyoung college students and the urban-rural migration, in the Brazilian reality. Using a qualitative basis of research, we performed 14 semi structured interviews with the young college students, from rural communities, members of the student aid of a public institution of higher education. The results showed that the way of life of the young college students who experienced rural-urban migration is filled with innumerous challenges, poverty being one of them. The migration of the traveling college studentspresented dilemmas, which reflect the shift in the means of socialization, distancing from family bonds and cultural change. It has been concluded that it is important to think student aid policies that consider the social economic and subjective dimension, enabling the access and permanence of the student in the university. (AU)

En este trabajo se analizacómo los procesos migratorios pueden producir efectos psicosociales de diferentes órdenesy dimensiones, con especificidades, en lo que respecta a la relación entre lo rural y lo urbano. El objetivo es identificar las relaciones entre las formas de vida de los jóvenes universitarios y la migración rural-urbana en la realidad brasileña. Sobre una base cualitativa, se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes universitarios de comunidades rurales, integrantes de la asistencia estudiantil en una institución pública de educación superior. Los resultados mostraron que la forma de vida de los jóvenes universitarios que experimentan la migración del campo a la ciudad está atravesada por numerosos desafíos, incluida la pobreza. Se presentaron los dilemas derivados de la migración para los estudiantes universitarios itinerantes, que reflejan el cambio en la forma de socialización, el alejamiento de los lazos familiares y el cambio cultural. Se concluyó que es importante pensar en políticas de atención al estudiante que consideren la dimensión socioeconómica y subjetiva, favoreciendo el acceso y permanencia de los estudiantes en la universidad. (AU)

Conocimiento y uso de anticonceptivos en relación con la diversidad sexual, Universidad Andrés Bello, 2022 / Knowledge and use of contraceptives regarding sexual diversity, Universidad Andrés Bello, 2022

Introducción: Los métodos anticonceptivos se han utilizado desde hace ya bastante tiempo. Han ido evolucionando con el paso de los años y existen diversos tipos, que satisfacen cada necesidad de los usuarios. Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento y uso de métodos anticonceptivos (MAC) en la diversidad sexual de los alumnos de la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) entre 18 y 25 años en el año 2022. Método: Estudio con un enfoque transversal cualitativo, llevado a cabo por medio de una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes de las tres sedes de la UNAB de entre 18 y 25 años, con un tamaño de muestra de 140 estudiantes. Resultados: Según las características sociodemográficas; la «edad» mantuvo un grupo control de 70 personas en ambas categorías; en «sede» el 87% de los encuestados pertenecía a la sede de Santiago; en «identidad de género» la mujer cisgénero con un 79% y en «orientación sexual» fueron las personas heterosexuales con un 47%. Conclusión: Existe una relación estadística entre las variables «uso de MAC» y «orientación sexual». También las variables de «orientación sexual» y «tipo de MAC», y «orientación sexual» con «frecuencia en el uso de preservativo interno y externo».

Background: Contraceptive methods have been used since a lot of time, which have been evolved over the years, having a lot of types satisfying every necessities of the users. Aim: Analyze the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods in the sexual diversity of Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) students between 18 and 25 years old in the year 2022. Method: Study with a cross sectional qualitative approach, carried out through a survey of students from the three campuses of UNAB between 18 to 25 years old with a sample size of 140 students. Results: According to sociodemographic characteristics; “Age” was maintained in the control group with 70 people in both categories; in “Campus” 87% of the surveyed belonged to the Santiago campus; in “Gender identity” the cisgender woman with 79% and “Sexual orientation” were straight people with 47%. Conclusion: There is a statistical relationship between the variables “Use of contraceptive methods” and “Sexual orientation”. Also, the variables of “Sexual orientation” and “Type of contraceptive methods”, and “Sexual orientation” with “Frequency in use of internal and external preservative”.

Innovación en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana: aula invertida y su aplicación / Innovation in the teaching of human anatomy: flipped classroom implementation

El contexto actual involucra un acceso cada vez más universal a las tecnologías e información, lo que repercute fuertemente en el aula. Los estudiantes se muestran pasivos y reacios al Modelo Tradicional de enseñanza. De esta manera las innovaciones toman protagonismo, tal es el caso del modelo Aula Invertida (AI). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la aplicación de AI en la enseñanza de la Anatomía humana en un entorno universitario. Se intervinieron 4 sesiones de la asignatura de Anatomía General de un curso de 41 estudiantes. Se abordó el contenido en 3 etapas: pre clase, clase y post clase, utilizando recursos y plataformas multimedia como Moodle y Youtube. Las actividades incluyeron lecciones virtuales, trabajos en grupo y cuestionarios minimalistas. Al final del semestre se aplicó una encuesta de percepción del estudiante. El logro alcanzado en pre clase fue 40,45 %, 55,46 %, 43,75 % y 76,04 % para las sesiones 01 a 04, respectivamente. Las calificaciones de los trabajos en grupos de la encuesta el 63,2 % y 76,3 % de los estudiantes manifestó estar "muy de acuerdo" con que AI potencia el trabajo autónomo y colaborativo, respectivamente. El 73,6 % prefiere el modelo AI por sobre el Tradicional. El modelo AI ha mostrado promover una mejor evolución del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje, siendo adaptable a disciplinas de ciencias básicas como el caso de Anatomía humana. La buena experiencia de esta innovación se debe sustentar en una programación bien estructurada, apoyo dentro y fuera del aula, y el ajuste de estrategias exitosas. Es inminente la necesidad de adaptarse al nuevo contexto donde prima el acceso a las tecnologías e información.

SUMMARY: The current context involves a generally increasing access of technologies and information, which has a strong impact on the classroom. Students are passive and reluctant to the traditional teaching model. Thus, innovations take center stage, such is the case of the Flipped Classroom (FC) model. The aim of this paper is to describe the application of FC in the teaching of human anatomy in a university environment. Four sessions of the General Anatomy program were intervened with a group of 41 students. The content was approached in 3 stages: pre-class, class and post-class, using multimedia resources and platforms such as Moodle and YouTube. The activities included virtual lessons, group work and minimalist quizzes. At the end of the semester a student perception survey was applied. Achievement percentage in pre-class were 40.45 %, 55.46 %, 43.75 % and 76.04 % for sessions 01 to 04. The grades for class group work were 5.8±0.34, 6.1±0.46, 6.0±0.78 and 6.7±0.38 for the sessions worked. In the survey 63.2 % and 76.3 % of the students stated that they "very satisfied" that FC enhances autonomous and collaborative work, respectively. 73.6 % preferred the FC model over the traditional one. The FC model has shown to promote a better evolution of the teaching-learning process, being adaptable to basic science disciplines such as human anatomy. A positive experience of this innovation must be supported by well-structured programming, support inside and outside the classroom, and the adjustment of successful strategies. There is an imminent need to adapt to the new context where access to technologies and information is a priority.

Coping strategies adopted by students and professors in the COVID-19 pandemic context: a cross-sectional study / Estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas por alunos e professores no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo transversal

INTRODUCTION: In face of the COVID-19 crisis, classroom activities at universities were interrupted in Brazil, following the guidelines of health agencies to minimize coronavirus contamination levels, with implications for students' and professors' mental health. OBJECTIVE: To identify the coping strategies used by students and professors of a Brazilian university during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the associated sociodemographic and institutional/academic variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire with questions on socioeconomic aspects and applying the Ways of Coping Scale. RESULTS: 671 students and 231 professors from a public university in the south of Brazil enrolled in the study. Students and professors used more problem-focused coping strategies followed by searching for social support. Regarding the professors, the variables frequency of leaving home and gender were positively associated with the problem and emotion-focused strategies and religion/fanciful thought strategies, respectively. Regarding the students, women used predominantly emotion-focused and religious/fanciful thought strategies. Students aged 27 or more used more problem-focused and 18-20 and 21-26 years old used predominantly emotion-focused strategies. Living with family and leaving home for 8 days or more were associated with the religious/fanciful thought strategy. CONCLUSION: Attention chould be given to gender, age, and frequency of leaving home, when planning mental health actions to foster the use of a wider range of coping strategies adopted by university students and professors throughout moments of developmental crisis, such as the ones that emerged across pandemics.

INTRODUÇÃO: Mediante a crise sanitária instaurada pela Pandemia de COVID-19, no Brasil, atividades presenciais nas universidades foram interrompidas, seguindo diretrizes para minimizar níveis de contaminação por coronavírus, com implicações para a saúde mental de estudantes e professores. OBJETIVO: Identificar estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por alunos e professores de uma universidade brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19, e variáveis sociodemográficas e institucionais/acadêmicas associadas. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um levantamento transversal, com questionário online contendo questões sobre aspectos socioeconômicos e a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento. RESULTADOS: 671 alunos e 231 professores de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil utilizaram mais estratégias de enfrentamento focadas no problema, seguidas de busca de apoio social. Para os docentes, as variáveis frequência que saíram de casa e gênero associaram-se positivamente a estratégias focadas no problema, na emoção e religião/pensamento fantasioso, respectivamente. Quanto aos estudantes, as mulheres usaram predominantemente estratégias focadas na emoção e estratégias voltadas à religião/pensamento fantasioso. Os estudantes com 27 anos ou mais usaram mais estratégias focadas no problema e pessoas com 18-20 anos e 21-26 anos, usaram predominantemente estratégias focadas na emoção. Viver com a família e sair de casa 8 dias ou mais associaram-se à estratégia focada na religião/pensamento fantasioso. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se atenção às variáveis gênero, idade e frequência de saída de casa no planejamento de ações de saúde mental para fomentar o uso ampliado de estratégias de enfrentamento por estudantes e professores universitários ao longo de momentos de crise de desenvolvimento, como os que emergiram na pandemia

Defender self-efficacy and moral disengagement on social support and bystander behaviors among primary school students: a multilevel moderated mediation model

Abstract This study examines the influence of social support on bystander behaviors, the mediating and moderating effects of moral disengagement and defender self-efficacy at the individual and class levels, and their cross-level interaction. A total of 1310 children in grades 4-6 completed our questionnaire survey at four-time points between October and December in 2021. The questionnaires include the Scale of Perceived Social Support (T1), Moral Disengagement Scale (T2), Defender Self-Efficacy Scale (T3), and Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (T4). The multilevel moderated mediating model results show that (1) social support negatively predicts reinforcer and outsider behavior and positively predicts defender behavior; (2) defender self-efficacy plays a mediating role between social support and defender behavior, moral disengagement plays a mediating role between social support and bystander behaviors, and defender self-efficacy and moral disengagement play a chain mediation role between social support and bystander behavior; (3a) class-level defender self-efficacy has a direct impact on defender behavior and moderates the relationship between individual defender self-efficacy and reinforcer behavior; and (3b) class-level moral disengagement has a direct impact on defender and outsider behavior and a cross-level moderated role between individual moral disengagement and reinforcer behavior. These results show that the individual and class level defender self-efficacy and moral disengagement can influence the bystander behavior of primary school students, which is of great significance for schools to develop anti-bullying moral education courses and design measures to improve students' anti-bullying self-efficacy.

Relationship between Malocclusion, Bullying, and Quality of Life in Students from Low Social Development Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship between malocclusion and bullying and its impact on the well-being and quality of life of students from low social development areas. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 schoolchildren between 10 and 17 years. Malocclusion was analyzed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Bullying and self-perception of the impact of one's oral condition on quality of life and interpersonal relationships were assessed by questions from National Survey of Schoolchildren's Health and Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests, considering groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years. Results: No correlation was observed between malocclusion and bullying. However, in the 12-14 group, poor correlations were found between malocclusion and the CPQ11-14 (0.226) and between malocclusion and being shy/embarrassed due to oral aspects (0.298). Positive correlations were observed between bullying and the impact on the quality of life in the 10-11 (0.420) and 12-14 (0.425) groups. In the older group, a positive correlation (0.724) was observed between the concern about what others think of their oral health and the impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: There was no evidence of a relationship between malocclusion and bullying. However, the oral conditions negatively affected the interpersonal relationships and the student's quality of life.

Association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the association between exposure patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety symptom trajectories in medical college students. Methods: A survey was conducted on first-year students from Anhui Medical College and Anqing Medical College, using the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire, Family Disability Questionnaire, Childhood Adverse Social Experience Item, and Anxiety Self Rating Scale. The baseline survey was conducted from November to December 2019, and two follow-up visits were conducted once every six months until November to December 2020. The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to analyze the exposure patterns of ACEs. The latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze the development trajectory of anxiety symptoms. The multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different exposure patterns of ACEs and the trajectory of anxiety symptom trajectories. Results: A total of 3 662 college students aged (19.2±1.0) were surveyed. The LCA showed that the exposure patterns of ACEs could be divided into the "high ACEs" group (13.4%), "high neglect/emotional abuse" group (25.7%), "high family dysfunction" group (6.9%), "high neglect" group (27.1%), and "low ACEs" group (26.3%). The LCGA divided anxiety trajectories into four groups: "high anxiety decline" (7.1%),"anxiety increase "(4.1%), "moderate anxiety"(52.9%), and "low anxiety"(35.9%). Using the low ACEs group as a reference group, compared with the low anxiety trajectory, the high ACEs group, high neglect/emotional abuse group, high family dysfunction group, high neglect group, and medium to high-level anxiety trajectory were all associated with an increased risk (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in ACEs exposure patterns among medical college students, and ACEs exposure patterns are important influencing factors for anxiety symptom trajectories.

Sedentary behavior, screen time and mental health of college students: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior/screen time on mental health of college students by Meta-analysis based on the results of literature retrieval and provide theoretical basis for the improvement of college students' mental health. Methods: The original research literatures about sedentary behavior (including screen time) and college students' mental health published as of 14 July 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data. Data were extracted from the included studies and scored by one author in accordance with the proposed programme, and quality score was reviewed by another author. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was systematically reviewed and Meta-analysis was carried out by software Stata 14.2 based on the data from the literatures. Results: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 35 observational studies and 1 interventional study. There are 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior and 9 papers about the effects of screening time on depression in college students and 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior/screening time on anxiety in college students were used for a Meta-analysis, and the other studies were also analyzed. The Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on depression in college students showed that there was a significant positive correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and increased risk for depression (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.10). Subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and depression (OR=1.74, 95%CI:0.93-3.25) in the unadjusted confounding factor model, but there was significance positive correlation after adjusting confounding factors (OR=2.15, 95%CI:1.18-3.90). Meta-analysis on the effects of screen time on depression in college students showed that longer screen time were significantly positively correlated with higher depression level (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with depression (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.13-1.42; OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.18-1.79) , respectively. Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety showed that longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with increased anxiety risk (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.31-1.58). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, there was a significant positive correlation between longer screen time and anxiety (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65; OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.17-1.62). The analysis for the literatures which were not eligible for Meta-analysis found that sedentary behavior/screen time was significantly associated with stress and other mental health in college students. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior or screen time is significantly negatively correlated with college students' mental health, in particular, resulting in depression and anxiety. These effects might be be different between weekdays and weekend days.

Constituição identitária docente em dramatização: dinâmica dos posicionamentos em conflito / Constitución de identidad maestra en la dramatización: dinámica de posiciones conflictivas / Teaching identity constitution in dramatization: dynamics of conflicting positions

RESUMO. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o processo de constituição identitária docente de licenciandos através da dinâmica dos posicionamentos em conflito, nas narrativas e dramatizações. Esta pesquisa é qualitativa e tem como perspectiva a psicologia cultural em interface com o dialogismo bakhtiniano. Para a construção dos dados, utilizamos como procedimento metodológico entrevistas narrativas individuais e videogravações da elaboração e realização da dramatização pelos próprios estudantes, além da entrevista coletiva mediada pela dramatização. Para a organização dos dados, elaboramos tabelas de temas e subtemas e mapas semióticos individuais, articulados em um mapa coletivo. Em seguida, aplicamos a análise temática dialógica da conversação, com destaque para os temas das narrativas e dos processos dialógicos dos posicionamentos nos encontros conversacionais. Identificamos, na análise dos dados, que aconteceram conflitos na dinâmica dos posicionamentos e nas estéticas docentes, tradicional e progressista, dos participantes; o que implica no processo de constituição identitária docente dos licenciandos ao produzirem significados e sentidos que orientaram as suas atuações docentes.

RESUMEN. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo investigar el proceso de constitución de identidad docente de estudiantes de pregrado a través de la dinámica de posiciones, narrativas y dramatizaciones conflictivas. Esta investigación es cualitativa y tiene como perspectiva la psicología cultural en interfaz con el diálogo de Bakhtin. Como procedimiento metodológico utilizamos, para la construcción de los datos, entrevistas narrativas individuales y grabaciones en video de la elaboración y realización de la dramatización, por parte de los propios estudiantes, además de la entrevista colectiva mediada por la dramatización. Para la organización de los datos elaboramos tablas de temas y subtemas y mapas semióticos individuales, articulados en un mapa colectivo. Luego, aplicamos el análisis temático dialógico de la conversación, destacando los temas de las narrativas y los procesos dialógicos de posicionamiento en los encuentros conversacionales. Identificamos, en el análisis de datos, que los conflictos ocurrieron en la dinámica de las posiciones y en la estética de enseñanza tradicional y progresiva de los participantes. Esto implica el proceso de constitución de la identidad docente de los estudiantes de pregrado al producir significados y significados que guiaron sus actividades de enseñanza.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the process of teacher identity constitution of undergraduates through the dynamics of conflicting positions, narratives and dramatizations. This study is qualitative and has as perspective the cultural psychology in interface with Bakhtinian dialogism. As methodological procedure we used, for data construction, individual narrative interviews and video recordings for the elaboration and accomplishment of the dramatization, by the undergraduates themselves, besides the collective interview mediated by dramatization. For data organization, we elaborated tables of themes and subthemes and individual semiotic maps, articulated in a collective map. Then, we applied the dialogical thematic analysis of conversation, highlighting the themes of narratives and dialogical processes of positioning in conversational encounters. In data analysis, we identified conflicts in the dynamics of positioning and in the traditional and progressive teaching aesthetics of participants, which implies the process of constitution of teacher identity of the undergraduates by producing meanings and senses that guided their teaching activities.

O amor pedagógico e o romance escolar: outras reflexões sobre a psicologia do colegial / Amor pedagógico y romance escolar: nuevas reflexiones sobre la psicología de la escuela secundaria / Pedagogical love and school romance: new reflections on high school psychology / Amour pédagogique et romance scolaire: nouvelles réflexions sur la psychologie du lycéen

O presente artigo aborda a questão da educação de jovens frente aos impasses relativos à transmissão no encontro entre gerações. Apontamos a necessidade de se considerar a relação transferencial que se estabelece entre professores e alunos como vetor necessário para a construção de uma certa relação com o saber, somente possível pelo amor que o professor dirige ao conhecimento e aos próprios alunos ­ o amor pedagógico. Seguindo nessa direção, propomos a construção de um Romance Escolar como saída possível ao fracasso do projeto educacional contemporâneo, uma vez que esse romance possibilita ao jovem uma construção ficcional de si e do mundo, permitindo-lhe conferir novos sentidos à vida, ao saber e à própria experiência escolar, na esteira do que lhe foi deixado como legado pela tradição transmitida pelas gerações que o precederam

Este artículo aborda el tema de la educación de los jóvenes ante los impasses relacionados con la transmisión en el encuentro entre generaciones. Señalamos la necesidad de considerar la relación transferencial que se establece entre docentes y alumnos como un vector necesario para la transmisión de una determinada relación con el saber, solo posible por el amor que el docente dirige al saber y a los propios alumnos ­ el amor pedagógico. Siguiendo en la misma dirección, proponemos la construcción de un Romance Escolar como una salida posible ante el fracaso del proyecto educativo contemporáneo, ya que permite a los jóvenes hacer una construcción ficcional de sí mismos y del mundo, lo que les permite dar nuevos significados a la vida, al saber ya la propia experiencia escolar, a raíz de lo que dejó como legado la tradición de las generaciones que la preceden

This article addresses the issue of youth education in view of the impasses related to transmission in the encounter between generations. We point out the need to consider the transferential relationship between teachers and students as a necessary vector for the transmission of a certain relationship with knowledge, only possible for the love that the teacher directs to knowledge and to the students themselves - pedagogical love. Following in the same direction, we propose the construction of a School Romance as a possible way out in the face of the failure of the contemporary educational project, since it enables young people to make a fictional construction of themselves and of the world, which allows them to give new meanings to life, to know and to the school experience itself, in the wake of what was left as a legacy by the tradition of the generations that precede them

Cet article aborde la question de l'éducation des jeunes au regard des impasses liées à la transmission dans la rencontre entre les générations. Nous soulignons la nécessité de considérer la relation transférentielle qui s'établit entre les enseignants et les élèves comme un vecteur nécessaire à la transmission d'un certain rapport au savoir, uniquement possible grâce à l'amour que l'enseignant porte au savoir et aux élèves eux-mêmes - pédagogique l'amour. Dans le même sens, nous proposons la construction d'un roman scolaire comme une issue possible face à l'échec du projet éducatif contemporain, car il permet aux jeunes de faire une construction fictive d'eux-mêmes et du monde, ce qui leur permet donner un nouveau sens à la vie, à savoir et à l'expérience scolaire elle-même, dans le sillage de ce qui a été laissé en héritage par la tradition des générations qui la précèdent

Estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de Querétaro, México / Academic stress in university nursing students from Queretaro, Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN. Estudiar una carrera universitaria conlleva grandes retos académicos por lo que formase como Licenciado en Enfermería no es la excepción, incluso se considera una carrera de grandes exigencias y sacrificios que pueden implicar una serie de cuadros depresivos, de ansiedad y sobre todo estrés. OBJETIVO. Determinar el nivel de estrés que existe en los estudiantes universitarios de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución educativa privada, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario con la finalidad de conocer la situación actual de dicha población. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal que incluyo estudiantes de Enfermería. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una encuesta sociodemográfica, así como la aplicación del inventario SISCO-21. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS versión 25. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos para la investigación en humanos. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 78 cuestionarios, donde 83,3% fueron mujeres. 38,5% indicaron sentir un nivel de estrés superior a 3 de 5. Los factores estresantes fueron el tiempo para hacer tareas, la poca claridad de los profesores e incluso, la personalidad del docente. Como reacciones manifestaron ansiedad, el 21,8%, siempre. CONCLUSIÓN: El nivel general de estrés fue leve, aunque sí se encontraron casos de alumnos que reflejaron niveles moderados e intensos, por lo que es importante el monitoreo y apoyo de los casos de alumnos que requieran apoyo.

INTRODUCTION. To study a university program implies academic challenges and being a nursing student is not an exception. Also, nursing it is a very demanding and sacrificed career who can pushed to every student into depressive situations, anxiety, but more, stress. OBJECTIVE. To determine the stress level on university students from Nursing School from a private school, thru a questionnaire trying to have an actual frame of the topic on these population. METHODOLOGY. Quantitative, cross sectional and descriptive study with nursing students. Data collection was made applying a sociodemographic cedula and the SISCO-21 inventory. Data analysis was made with SPSS 25th version program. Descriptive analysis was made. Ethical aspects were put in consideration. RESULTS. 78 instruments were applied; 83% of the students were female. 38.5% said to feel a superior level of stress, with 3 of 5. Stressors were time for homework, professors lack of clarity and, also, professors' personality. Some reactions were anxiety, always in 21.8% of students. CONCLUSION. The general stress level was low, although some students with moderate and high level were found. Monitoring and support it is important in case some students need support

The relationship between physical activity and interpersonal distress in college students: the chain mediating role of self-control and mobile phone addiction

Objective of the study Interpersonal relationships, as an important variable afecting the physical and mental health and future development of individuals, were used to construct a structural equation model between physical activity and interpersonal relationships in order to help college students better adapt to society and achieve a high level of mental health. Methods SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct the model between variables. The results showed that physical activity directly predicted the interpersonal relationship status of college students (ß= −0.108, 95% CI [−0.210,−0.005]), and the chain mediating efect of physical activity→self-control→mobile phone addiction tendency→interpersonal relationship distress was signifcant (ß= −0.012, 95% CI [−0.033,−0.003]). The results of this study suggest that physical activity may be viewed as an efective intervention strategy to mitigate the interpersonal challenges that college students may face in the future.